Tantangan Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia: Antara Norma dan Implementasi

Abstract

Human Rights (HAM) is one of the main pillars in the life of democracy and the rule of law. In Indonesia, although there is a legal framework that recognizes and protects human rights through the 1945 Constitution, the Human Rights Law, and various international instruments, the implementation of human rights still faces various challenges. This article aims to examine the main challenges in enforcing human rights in Indonesia, with a focus on the disparity between the norms regulated in laws and regulations and the reality of their implementation in the field. This study uses a qualitative approach through document analysis and case studies to identify factors that hinder the implementation of human rights and provide recommendations for improving a more effective law enforcement system